• The first mammalian mutation linked to CR was identified

  2019-08-23

  

  The first mammalian mutation linked to CR was identified in golden hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus). The mutation was an autosomal allele first described in the late 1980s [8] and was identified using positional cloning [9]. These animals displayed a shortened period length (20h in homozygous animals

• In addition to carbamates organophosphates are classic

  2019-08-23

  

  In addition to carbamates, organophosphates are classic inhibitors of cholinesterases. Previous studies with aquatic organisms have demonstrated their sensitivity to such chemicals. For example, individuals of the freshwater fish Colossoma macropomum exposed to the organophosphate dichlorvos, chlor

• ClC is a member of the

  2019-08-23

  

  ClC-3 is a member of the voltage-gated chloride channel superfamily and has many roles in cell proliferation, apoptosis, WH-4-023 progression and so on (Dai et al., 2005). A growing number of studies showed that ClC-3 encoded a volume-regulated Cl− channel (ICl,Vol) in heart, that could contribute

• br Structure and function of EPAC isoforms EPACs are

  2019-08-23

  

  Structure and function of EPAC isoforms EPACs are guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs) for the Ras-like GTPases Rap1 and Rap2 [9]. There are two mammalian EPAC isoforms, EPAC1 and EPAC2 1, 2 (Figure 1). Whereas EPAC1 displays a wide tissue distribution, the expression of EPAC2 is more restr

• In contrast T bet downregulated

  2019-08-22

  

  In contrast, T-bet downregulated the expression of Tfh functional molecules, CD40L, ICOS, and IL-21; accordingly, T-bet overexpression abrogated the helper function of IL-12-stimulated CD4+ T cells. Thus, T-bet seems more involved in the downregulation of the helper functions than in the differentia

• br Results br Discussion It has been thought that commitment

  2019-08-22

  

  Results Discussion It has been thought that commitment to the plasma cell fate begins while Tenovin-3 are still in the GC (Suan et al., 2017, Victora and Nussenzweig, 2012), but the main obstacle to test this model and, if correct, to clarify how the plasma cell-prone GC cells develop has bee

• In the past few years DNA templated

  2019-08-22

  

  In the past few years, DNA-templated fluorescent metal nanoparticles have been developed as ideal alternatives to organic dyes due to their facile synthetic process, outstanding optical properties, ultrafine size, and fine biological compatibility. Since the first successful demonstration of DNA-tem

• Third DGK protein stabilization by myristic acid is cell lin

  2019-08-22

  

  Third, DGKδ2 protein stabilization by myristic WZ4003 is cell line specific. Myristic acid had no obvious effects on DGKδ protein stability in the liver cell line HepG2, pancreas cell line MIA-PaCa-2 and neuronal cell line Neuro-2a cells (Fig. 5). Although myristic acid moderately increased the DGKδ

• Interestingly from our consensus SBVC protocol only

  2019-08-22

  

  Interestingly, from our consensus SBVC protocol only few compounds (less than 150) have been scored with a full ‘ consensus’. That means that these compounds appear in the top 5% of the database when ranked by every scoring function independently. After visual inspection, we have realized that two a

• When women reach the menopause they experience

  2019-08-22

  

  When women reach the menopause they experience a number of physical complaints such as hot flushes, vaginal dryness and mood changes [1]. Bone loss also becomes manifest at this time [1], [2], but women will often not suffer from back pain before a vertebral fracture occurs. Women who have had one f

• br Roles of ERR in Physiology

  2019-08-22

  

  Roles of ERRγ in Physiology and Disease Concluding Remarks and Future Perspectives Over the last decade, the generation of tissue-specific ERRγ transgenic or knockout mice and the use of synthetic ligands have rapidly advanced our understanding of the roles of ERRγ in cellular functions, altho

• br Conflicts of interest br Author contributions br Acknowle

  2019-08-22

  

  Conflicts of interest Author contributions Acknowledgements This work was supported by the University of Brescia (ex 60%) and Siderurgica Leonessa research funds to AF. RR was supported by Associazione Italiana per la Ricerca sul Cancro - AIRC (MFAG 18459 grant). We are grateful to Umberto

• Initial investigations in the heart uncovered Epac as

  2019-08-22

  

  Initial investigations in the heart uncovered Epac as a positive regulator of myocyte hypertrophy [8], [9]. Concomitantly, Epac has been shown to regulate cardiac Ca homeostasis [8], [10], [11], [12], [13]. Ca is an essential second messenger in the cardiac physiology because its rhythmic variations

• br Mechanisms of acquired resistance

  2019-08-22

  

  Mechanisms of acquired resistance to 1st and 2nd generation EGFR inhibitors After treatment with first or second generation EGFR TKIs, virtually all patients after approximately 12 months develop acquired resistance (AR). Different mechanisms of AR to EGFR TKIs have been reported to date and may

• From a mechanistic standpoint the BCL RD domain represses

  2019-08-22

  

  From a mechanistic standpoint, the BCL6 RD2 domain represses the GPR183 and S1PR1 loci by recruiting HDAC2, but not MTA3-NuRD, to suppress the enhancer activation mark H3K27ac at their distal regulatory elements. However, these data do not exclude the possibility that other as yet unknown corepresso

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