• E E evolution at transmission has been

  2022-06-05

  

  E1E2 evolution at transmission has been explored in multiple previous studies. Vertical transmission selects for E1E2 variants with increased replication fitness due of CTL escape mutations (Honegger et al., 2013). Experimental infection of chimeric liver mice selects for E1E2 variants with increase

• br Introduction Activation of the lipid sensing

  2022-06-05

  

  Introduction Activation of the lipid sensing receptor, GPR55, by lysophosphatidyl inositol (LPI) has been well documented, and implicated in endocannabinoid signaling [1]. Intracellular events resulting from GPR55 activation include; enhanced β-arrestin activity, calcium mobilization and ERK1/2 p

• Previous studies showed that pregnancy rate improves when

  2022-06-05

  

  Previous studies showed that pregnancy rate improves when ewes have a BCS that exceeds a minimum threshold [43]. The pregnancy rate is increased in sheep with BCS ≥2.5 [44] and >2 [45]. In this work, pregnancy rate was higher in the GnRH group with low BCS compared to the hCG and Control groups. Des

• Flavonoids are able to modulate proinflammatory signaling pa

  2022-06-05

  

  Flavonoids are able to modulate proinflammatory signaling pathways to prevent OS and apoptosis [139]. Paraoxygenase-2 (PNO2) is an enzyme involved in neuroprotection by preventing OS mediated damage in mitochondria. Flavonoids can modulate the JNK/AP-1 pathway to increase expression of PNO2 [111]. F

• biperiden br WM astrocytes Grey matter

  2022-06-05

  

  WM astrocytes Grey matter astrocytes express a variety of GluR types that have both physiological and pathophysiological significance [87]. Non-NMDA GluR are also expressed in WM astrocytes [40], although the functionality of these receptors has not been tested. The fibrous astrocytes that popula

• An important difference between glucokinase

  2022-06-05

  

  An important difference between glucokinase and the other hexokinases is that it has a much lower affinity for glucose, such that it is not saturated at physiological blood glucose concentrations (Wilson, 1995, Wilson, 1997, Wilson, 2003, Wilson, 2004, Cárdenas et al., 1998). In addition, glucokinas

• In the present study compared to diabetic control rats

  2022-06-05

  

  In the present study, compared to diabetic control rats, hepatic glucose-6-phosphatase activity was significantly decreased in both SE and METF treated diabetic animals, with the latter producing greater reduction in glucose-6-phosphatase activity. This observation is consistent with the claim of Ta

• Congenital Gcgr mice exhibit increased hepatic

  2022-06-05

  

  Congenital Gcgr mice exhibit increased hepatic Fgf21 expression and circulating FGF21 levels. Previous studies by other investigators demonstrated that neutralization of circulating FGF21 with specific Folinic acid impairs glucose control in these mice [6]. In addition, the FGF21 analog LY2405319 lo

• Immunohistochemistry using anti FFAR antibodies revealed

  2022-06-02

  

  Immunohistochemistry using anti-FFAR1 antibodies revealed immunoreactivity for FFAR1 in association with the cell membrane of the hepatocytes (Figure 2). However, the anti-FFAR2 antibody was not suitable for immunohistochemistry under the tested conditions (data not shown). Fatty liver is an import

• br Acknowledgements This work was in

  2022-06-02

  

  Acknowledgements This work was in part supported by the FöFoLe program by Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München (to T.S.), the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) CO 291/5-2, the Human Frontier Science Program (HFSP) RGP0013, the Helmholtz Validation Funds (Helmholtz Association of German Rese

• Biliary tract cancers BTC are categorized into intrahepatic

  2022-06-02

  

  Biliary tract cancers (BTC) are categorized into intrahepatic, perihilar, extrahepatic BTC (or cholangiocarcinoma) as well as gallbladder cancer (GBC). Although the incidence of BTC is low in developed countries (3% of gastrointestinal cancers), BTC is the second most common primary liver tumor afte

• Myelination by oligodendrocytes is required

  2022-06-02

  

  Myelination by oligodendrocytes is required for saltatory nerve impulse conduction and proper CNS function (Bercury and Macklin, 2015). Defects in myelination and remyelination impair saltatory nerve conduction and functional connectivity leading to cognitive, behavioral, and motor deficits in neuro

• A complimentary approach with Per Luc cells exposed to

  2022-06-02

  

  A complimentary approach with Per2:Luc Hexamethonium Bromide exposed to hypoxia as well as with mBmal1:Luc circadian reporter cells in which we overexpressed variants of HIF-1α and HIF-2α revealed that hypoxia and HIFs can not only shorten the period but also decrease the amplitude of the clock (Fi

• br Disp Cleavage and Membrane

  2022-06-02

  

  Disp Cleavage and Membrane Trafficking Knowledge of how Disp is regulated in Shh-producing somatostatin receptor to control ligand deployment has, until recently, remained limited. Early studies examining Disp function in Madin–Darby Canine Kidney (MDCK) cells and Drosophila tissue suggested that

• The following are the supplementary data related to

  2022-06-02

  

  The following are the supplementary data related to this article. Transparency Document Acknowledgements Introduction Nitric oxide (NO) is an important signaling molecule mediating several physiological functions including vasodilation, platelet anti-aggregation, inhibition of interstitial

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